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Disponível no Google Play

Kivy - Métricas e interfaces adaptativas

Nesse vídeo vamos aprender a criar interfaces que se adaptam às características da tela do dispositivo. Vamos aprender sobre as métricas do kivy, como utilizá-las e algumas outras dicas :)

Clique na imagem para assistir a aula no YouTube.

Para criar interfaces que se adaptem, precisamos estabelecer a maneira que os elementos gráficos serão dispostos escalados conforme a tela em que estamos rodando o código.

É possível estabelecer diversos critérios, mas vou focar nos que acho mais úteis: proporcionalidade, size_hints e tamanho físico.

Tamanhos proporcionais

Os tamanhos dos Widgets podem ser estabelecidos de forma proporcional ao tamanho da tela, para isso utilizamos a referência de um widget do tamanho da tela. Se você está utilizando o ScreenManager, uma boa referência é o 'root' da tela:

# arquivo.kv

size_hint:None,None

height:root.height*0.1 # 10% da altura do root

width:root.width*0.2 # 20% da largura do root

Size_hints

Outra maneira de realizar um ajuste proporcional é utilizando o size_hint. A vantagem é que a constante de proporcionalidade vai levar em conta o número de widgets na tela.

Tamanho físico

Outra maneira possível é utilizando as métricas do Kivy. As métricas disponíveis são: dp, sp, mm, cm, in e pt.

A idéia das métricas é estabelecer unidades equivalentes entre as diferentes telas. Por exempo, se usarmos '5mm', o Kivy calculará quandos pixels são necessários para que o widget tenha 5mm de tamanho, independentemente da tela em que está rodando.

A unidade 'dp' é similar a estas unidades físicas, só que são consideradas as classes de telas e, por isso, podem não equivaler exatamente as medidas físicas. Mas elas serão bem próximas, é somente uma questão de arredondamento. Ela é como se fosse a unidade pixel só que independente da densidade de pixels da tela.

A unidade 'sp' é como se fosse a 'dp', só que ela escala essa medida dependendo das preferências do usuário no sistema. Por exemplo, ela será maior se você aumentou a fonte do seu sistema. Isso é ótimo para que o aplicativo se adapte às preferências de tamanho do usuário.

No vídeo eu demonstro como utilizar essas medidas e algumas outras dicas, confira! :)

Faça o download dos arquivos desta aula aqui.